24 考研结束了,过来人有什么好的建议给 25 考研生 – 知乎.txt
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img[data-uncomfortable]{content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%20344.88888888888886%20194%22%3e%3cforeignobject%20width%3d%22344.88888888888886%22%20height%3d%22194%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f1999%2fxhtml%22%20style%3d%22font-size%3a%2013px%3b%20font-family%3a%20-apple-system%2c%20blinkmacsystemfont%2c%20microsoft%20yahei%2c%20sans-serif%3b%20color%3a%20%23fff%3b%20width%3a100%25%3b%20height%3a194px%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22display%3a%20flex%3b%20flex-direction%3a%20column%3b%20align-items%3a%20center%3b%20justify-content%3a%20center%3b%20height%3a%20100%25%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20width%3d%2218%22%20height%3d%2218%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%2016%2016%22%20fill%3d%22currentcolor%22%3e%3cpath%20d%3d%22m8%203.65a7%207%200%2000-1.353.128.65.65%200%2011-.25-1.275a8.3%208.3%200%20018%202.35c2.387%200%204.172.954%205.357%202.125c14.511%205.615%2015.15%207.022%2015.15%208c0%20.621-.257%201.391-.699%202.134a7.076%207.076%200%2001-1.403%201.68l.495.46a.65.65%200%2011-.886.951l-.998-.929a.645.645%200%2001-.104-.097l9.73%2010.501a.647.647%200%2001-.29.301%203.15%203.15%200%2001-4.313-4.094.647.647%200%2001.234-.275l3.908%205.08a5.774%205.774%200%2000-1.283%201.522c2.282%207.198%202.15%207.707%202.15%208c0%20.522.41%201.616%201.407%202.6.965.954%202.43%201.75%204.443%201.75.468%200%20.905-.043%201.311-.12a.65.65%200%2001.243%201.277a8.322%208.322%200%20018%2013.65c-2.387%200-4.172-.954-5.357-2.125c1.49%2010.385.85%208.978.85%208c0-.598.238-1.333.648-2.046a7.054%207.054%200%20012.95%204.188l-.547-.509a.65.65%200%2011.886-.951l8.8%208.194a5.793%205.793%200%20001.244-1.453c.372-.624.516-1.163.516-1.469%200-.522-.41-1.616-1.407-2.6-.965-.954-2.43-1.75-4.443-1.75zm6.29%207.296a1.85%201.85%200%20002.534%202.36l-2.535-2.36zm8%204.85a.65.65%200%20100%201.3%201.85%201.85%200%20011.843%201.694.65.65%200%20101.296-.11a3.15%203.15%200%20008%204.85z%22%20fill-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%3e%3c%2fpath%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22margin%3a%20.6em%200%201.2em%22%3e%e8%af%a5%e5%9b%be%e7%89%87%e6%9c%89%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%9a%e5%bc%95%e8%b5%b7%e4%b8%8d%e9%80%82%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cbutton%20style%3d%22padding%3a%204px%201em%3b%20font-size%3a%201.1em%3b%20color%3a%20inherit%3b%20background%3a%20none%3b%20border%3a%201px%20solid%20rgba%28255%2c255%2c255%2c.5%29%3b%20border-radius%3a%209999px%3b%22%3e%e7%bb%a7%e7%bb%ad%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%3c%2fbutton%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%3c%2fforeignobject%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e);width:100%;height:194px;background:url(https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-cf70d0759d787c70091857151c1cad4a.jpeg) no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}.css-jflero img.content_image[data-size=”normal”],.css-jflero img.origin_image[data-size=”normal”]{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-jflero img.content_image[data-size=”small”],.css-jflero img.origin_image[data-size=”small”]{width:320px;max-width:100%;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}一、考研要有清晰的自我认知考研不是随大溜，不要盲目跟风，看见别人考自己也考，看见别人报啥专业自己也报啥。
要有主见，自己底子怎么样，这一年多时间能提升多少，要有一个清醒的认识，如果感觉踮踮脚能过线，就可以规划考研。要“知道自己的斤两，自己考研的上限”，在此我们可以借助一下swot分析，即:
strengths:自己的优势，包括学习能力强、有意志力、自制力及对节奏的把控、敏锐的信息捕捉能力等；
weaknesses: 自己在以上方面的劣势，学习底子薄弱、易受到干扰等；
opportunities:考研过程中面对竞争对手，自己的机会在哪里，掌握了哪些资源；
threats:考研过程中的不利因素，如考研信息不畅，过分依赖辅导班等。
通过swot分析，对自己的考研状况有一个有初步的认知，再决定是否要考研。
二、提前了解考研知识决定考研，先要了解考研的一些基本常识比如考试的形式和科目、学硕专硕的区别、一区二区的划分、以及考研的具体流程，目标院校招生简章、专业目录公布时间等等。
初试总分为500分，包括两门公共课（政治、英语），满分各100分；不考数学的话是两门专业课（专业课一、专业课二），考数学的话是数学和一门专业课，满分各150分，这样4门总分500分。命题方式:公共课（政治、英语）、数学全国统一命题；法硕、西医综合、教育学、历史学、心理学、计算机、农学等属统考专业课；其他非统考专业课都是各高校自主命题。
复试包括笔试和面试，同等学力（专科生）需加试两门专业课，加试成绩不计入总成绩但必须及格。总成绩=初试成绩*x% + 复试成绩*（1-x%）。如果x=50，也就是说有的学校初试复试成绩各占一半，那复试就占很大比重；有的学校x=70，也就是初试成绩权重较大。然后按综合后的总成绩从高到低录取。
考研地区按照所报考学校的所在地方分为一区和二区，一区比二区经济发达，国家按照一区、二区确定考生参加复试基本分数要求，此外还有34所自主划线学校（985高校）。
一区包括:北京、天津、河北、山西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、重庆、四川、陕西等21省(市)
二区包括:内蒙古、广西、海南、贵州、云南、西藏、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆等10省(区)。
三、学会搜集考研相关信息考研也是一场信息战，及时获取有效信息非常重要。
各校招生简章和专业目录、各科考试大纲、初试临考前的《形势与政策》，是每年都会变动的信息；复试时学校通知、调剂信息更是瞬息万变，如果不能及时获取相关信息，会非常被动。
1、学校专业实力排名在教育部已公布的第四轮学科评估结果中，可以查询各校的专业实力。如图所示，在“中国学位与研究生教育信息”网，输入或点击专业名称，就能看到分级排名，从a+到c-共九个级别。
一般说来，学校排名高，则某一专业排名也高；学校该专业的级别越高，实力越强，相对来说更难考。但也不是绝对，很多同学由于并不完全了解这些信息，再加上每年报考时的博弈，都可能会形成c级比a级分数线还高的情形。
所以，要结合自己的实力选择和专业、学校的当年形势综合考虑。可以按照“冲一冲”、“求稳”、“保底”的标准，选择不同范围的学校。
2、学校专业课考试科目除了学校的级别和所处区域之外，还要仔细查询学校招生要求、考试科目等，因为同一专业不同学校考试科目可能并不相同。
比如:同是考“人口、资源与环境经济学”这个专业，专业课完全不一样，
上海财经大学的考试科目是:政治、英语一、数学一、经济学；
河南财经政法大学的考试科目是:政治、英语一、数学三、西方经济学。
大家都知道，同是考数学，数学一可比数学三难多啦。
3、学校报考限制在此主要是说的是专科学历以及跨专业考研的同学，因为学校报考限制是同等学力考生和跨专业考生不得不重视的因素。大多数学校对同等学力报考都有限制，限制条件多寡不一；且在复试和入学报名阶段都会有资格审查。如果是因为不了解报考限制而在复试或入学阶段被淘汰，那就太亏了。
所以，要及时关注最新招生简章和专业目录，在招生简单出来之前，可以先参考去年的，根据自身条件（英语是否过四级、是否有自考成绩等）和备选学校的限制条件，排除那些不能报考的学校。
4、招生录取的具体数据指标选好了专业，在筛选学校可以关注这三个指标、四个人数。
三个指标:
1）报录比 ——报名与录取比例，可在招生院校的官网或中国教育在线上查询，这一数据直接反映出该专业的火爆程度。
2) 分数指标 ——国家线+学院复试线+实际录取最低分+实际录取最高分。
3) 目标专业学科排名 ——中国研究生教育分专业排行榜。
确定好目标院校后，一定要去查看这些指标，结合自己的能力来选择。
四个“人数”
除了学校专业学科排名、计划招生人数、分数线等等，还要尽可能获取其他较重要的数据指标，
1） 报录比——报名与录取比例，可在招生院校的官网或中国教育在线上查询，这一数据直接反映出该专业的火爆程度。
2） 报考人数——这是个较关键的信息，反映这个专业的报考热度、竞争激烈度，从中也可大致看出潜在的竞争对手有多少。
3） 实际录取人数——随着复试、调剂的进行，各大高校的拟录取名单也陆续出炉，在学校有研究生官网或各院系官网都有公布，可以查询。
4） 推免人数——有些名校热门专业推免名额可能会占很大比例，那么留给统招的名额就很少，考研竞争就更激烈，难度更大。因此推免人数是个重要参考。
从以上人数可以准确算出该校该专业的报录比。此外，还要关注下复试比例及最终成绩计算方式。差额复试比例越高，当“炮灰”陪考的同学越多；复试、面试成绩占总成绩的权重越高，学校的自主程度越大。
在此推荐一下知乎知学堂的考研训练营，可以把收集考研信息、制定学习规划、筛选学习资料这些花费很多的时间和精力节省下来用在学习上，从而大大提高学习效率，从考研趋势深度解读、院校专业选择攻略、科学的备考规划一应俱全。从选择学校和专业，到政治、英语及专业课各科的复习，紧扣考研重难点，一线优秀师资的直播课程+专人答疑+大量考研资料，以及学习方法、背诵技巧等等全方位的辅导，助你上岸一臂之力！（小tip:添加助教老师的联系方式可以领取更多考研资料礼包呢:）
5、获取相关信息的渠道获取考研信息的官方途径有各校研究生网站和研究生招生信息网（简称“研招网”）。研招网是报名、打印准考证、调剂的唯一网站；各校研究生网站有每年的招生简章和专业目录，复试和调剂时发布相关通知。
各大门户网站和中国教育在线都有考研频道，可以获取很多考研信息。
与考研有关的社群也是获取信息的重要途径，例如考研论坛、微信群、qq群。这些都是考研同学交流学习心得、考试经验的地方，有重要的参考价值。我当年考研时经常上考研论坛，认识了一些考同一所学校同一个专业的同学，得到了历年考研真题（目标学校不提供真题）。类似的，从有考研经历的亲戚朋友、学长学姐那里也能获得公开渠道难以获得信息，例如某位导师的口碑。
随着自媒体的兴起，头条、b站、公众号等自媒体也有很多考研信息。但信息质量参差不齐，真伪难辨，需要花费大量时间精力去筛选辨别，除了大家推荐的一些博主或信息，不太适合考研小白在这些平台获取信息。
还有往届考研的学长学姐处以及其他非公开的渠道。特别是已经考上你的目标院校的师兄姐，或者没考上但是报考你的目标院校的师兄姐。除了一些公开渠道外，还有两个地方是一般人不会去的。一是你目标学校的研究生院或者研究生处；二是目标学校周边书店的资料。如果条件允许，可以去这两个地方转一转。
四、制定切实的复习规划考研有明确的时间要求，制定计划自然也是。在了解考研的科目之后，一定要制定合理的学习计划，合理规划好自己的复习时间。根据自身的特点和情况，制定长中短期学习规划，这样每天都有目标，学习也就有了持续的动力。如果没有规划，一天十几个小时坐在教室里无所事事，没人能坚持一星期。
从大的方面说各科整体规划、需要几轮复习，可以分成三阶段:基础阶段、强化阶段、冲刺阶段。往小的方面说包括每月进度、每周计划、每日计划。
长计划，短安排，在制定一个相对较长期目标的同时，一定要制定一个短期学习目标，这个目标要切合自己的实际，通过努力是完全可以实现的，从而把握自己的复习节奏，避免前松后紧、临阵慌乱，有利于督促自己。考研复习还是需要循序渐进，不可能一口吃个胖子。
五、要有决心和毅力这个说起来很简单，做起来很难。对考研来说，决心和毅力付诸实践就是:早上6点起床，晚上11点睡觉，每天学习12小时以上；夏天没空调也能学得进，冬天早上没暖气也能起得来；这样坚持半年到十个月。这是一个巨大的挑战，并不是所有人都能做得到。
以纸质学习资料为主，利用好电子设备——手机可用来刷单词或听网课视频，不要刷剧打游戏，时间白白浪费掉，如果你自制力差的话，手机、平板尽量收起来。
能去图书馆或考研自习室学习，就别在家或宿舍里学。一个相对安静又有学习氛围的环境对于考研复习实在是太重要啦！大家都在学习，你就不好意思吃零食、玩手机了。
六、学会及时避坑1、不要整天看考研经验贴，适合别人的不一定适合你，一定要找到适合你自己的复习方法。
2、不要太依赖政治别押题卷，会先把选择题搞好。
3、考研英语别总想着技巧啥的，没基础没实力啥都白搭，老老实实背单词、做阅读去，偷机取巧在英语这儿行不通！
4、考前（12月份）别光背政治，专业课要多留时间！
5、考研英语把真题当教材，完全吃透了，再练模拟题，实在没时间，模拟题可以不做。
6、及时关注学校招生简章和专业目录，别傻乎乎地考试范围和重点都整不明白。
7、选择学校时，对于那些有压分、复试晚、不保护一志愿等“黑历史”的学校要慎重选择。
8、不要熬夜、少玩手机、少追剧。
9、不要总跟别人比进度，动不动就心态崩了，要保持和心态。
10、复试前除了练口语，把导师的研究领域和研究方向也研究研究！
祝考研小伙伴成功上岸！加油啊！
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